Plant leaves turning brown - The reason rosemary turns brown is because of root rot and fungal disease. Rosemary is a Mediterranean plant that prefers dry conditions.Persistently damp soils because of over watering, slow drainage, or humidity, increase the risk of root rot which causes rosemary leaves and roots to turn brown. Rosemary is a drought-resistant plant that does not …

 
Basil leaves turning brown can be caused by various factors, including lack of water, overwatering, fungal diseases and pest infestations. To prevent browning of basil plants, ensure regular watering with proper drainage systems in place. Keep the foliage dry during watering and avoid placing pots in areas with high humidity.. Pandora's star

The leaves of plants are organs that allow us to obtain the sun's rays, but they are also tissues through which there is an exchange of fluids throughout the ...Have you ever reached for a bag of brown sugar, only to find it has turned into a hard, clumpy mess? Don’t worry – you’re not alone. Hardened brown sugar is a common problem that c...There are a few diseases that cause basil plants to turn brown, such as downy mildew, fusarium wilt and bacterial leaf spot. These diseases cause brown spots and streaks to appear ...Azalea leaves turn brown typically due to overwatering. Azalea leaves also turn brown when the plant is infested by Lacebugs. Brown leaves are seen on Azaleas due to Fungal leaf spot disease and cold wind damage. Azalea plants belong to the colorful genus Rhododendron. Azaleas are grown for their beautiful blossoms.There are a few reasons why your tomato fruits, leaves, or stems may be losing their bright colors and taking on a sickly brown. However, most are easily fixed and preventable. 1. Underwatering. If you notice your tomato plant’s leaves looking crispy with browning edges, chances are you’re underwatering it.Enjoy those white parts when the leaf is new and don't panic when they eventually turn brown – the goal is that by the time one leaf has some brown spots, the ...Keep the water off of the leaves to avoid rust. 4. Pest attack. Pests can attack canna lily leaves causing holes, brown spots or marks on the edges. Caterpillars, slugs and snails can all attack canna leaves biting the edges or holes in the leaf. This will cause the leaf edges and holes to turn brown.When marijuana leaves turn from green to blue-green or when they have blotches of brown, the plant is typically in need of phosphorus. This essential nutrient helps with root and stem growth and is a vital nutrient during flowering.. The lower and older leaves of the plant are usually affected when phosphorus is lacking.Pothos leaves can turn brown due to a variety of factors including pest infestation, fungal diseases, improper fertilizer application, too much or too little light, and other …Jan 6, 2024 · 1 – Lack of Humidity. Like other plants, prayer plants need humidity too. In fact, lack of moisture is the primary cause of why the foliage’s tips turn brown. Humidity has an essential role in your prayer plant’s growth and development. It makes photosynthesis possible. Consider moving the plants away from windows or doorways, and don’t leave them near an AC vent in the summer. 3. Lack of Humidity. Peace lilies come from tropical areas that are warm and humid. If they don’t receive the humidity that they’ve evolved to thrive in, the tips of the leaves may turn dry and brown.When marijuana leaves turn from green to blue-green or when they have blotches of brown, the plant is typically in need of phosphorus. This essential nutrient helps with root and stem growth and is a vital nutrient during flowering.. The lower and older leaves of the plant are usually affected when phosphorus is lacking.Peace Lily Leaves Turning Brown and Black Peace Lily Flowers Turning Brown – Reasons and Solutions. When it comes to the lovely white peace lily flowers turning brown, remember that no flower lasts forever. The most common cause will be that the flower has come to the end of its life cycle. Your plant may also be at the end of its …4. Soil Discomfort. The cause of brown leaves in jasmine can be the soil sometimes. Jasmine prefers slightly acidic soil. If the soil is severely used during planting, the growth process of your jasmine will be affected. Thus, the leaves will turn from green to brown. In some cases, the leaves drop. 5.Hornworms – These pests feed on the leaves and stems of Clematis plants. They make holes in leaves and eat out their insides, causing them to turn brown or black. Their feeding also causes stems to turn black and die back on some varieties such as ‘Blue Elf.’. Leaf miners – These larvae feed inside leaves, making tunnels that cause dark ...Few plants can boast such a huge number of varieties. But sometimes trouble happens to hostas and we are going to talk about one of those today. Drought stress is the main reason why hosta leaves turn brown. The second common reason is the natural dieback of foliage in the fall. Also, too much sun, disease, and overwatering can cause …Leaves turning brown is simply your plant telling you that it needs some tender love and care. Before looking at fixes, let’s focus on understanding why leaves …It's a good idea to prune off dying leaves because it will help the plant focus on new growth and healthy foliage. You should always sterilize your tools before ... Inconsistent Watering or Improper Fertilization. Inconsistent watering, in particular allowing plants to dry out too long between waterings, will cause leaf edges and tips to turn brown. Excess salts can build up in the soil when too much fertilizer is applied which can also lead to brown leaf tips. Water and fertilize appropriately to prevent ... Reasons for Brown Leaves or Leaf Tips: Leaf tips turning brown: Low humidity, chemicals in tap water, temperatures higher than 80°F (27 ° C) or lower than 55°F (12 ° C), too much fertilizer, and drought stress. Leaves turning yellow and brown: Too much direct sunlight, underwatering, potentially overwatering. Leaves turning brown in the middle: Another common reason why Fittonia leaves are turning yellow is over-watering. Over-watering causes the lower leaves to turn yellow. Excessive watering is also one of the causes of Fittonia’s leaf color change. However, you can reduce the damage caused by over-watering by keeping the plant well-watered. In case of over-watering, … Watering a plant too much can lead to brown edges on the leaves, a condition known as “edema.”. Overwatering creates a waterlogged environment that suffocates the roots, leading to the inability to supply the essential nutrients to the leaves. The edges may become soft and mushy, eventually turning brown. Re: Tea plant, leaves with brown tips ... It could be lack of humidity. Try setting up a cheapy humidifier nearby.Watering Frequency for Fig Leaf Plants. Water your fiddle leaf fig about once a week or every 10 days to ensure optimal health. To determine if your plant needs to be watered, stick your finger into the soil about 2 inches deep and feel for moisture. If the soil is still moist, then you don’t need to water it yet.Let leaves take centerstage in a lush, lovely foliage garden -- no flowers need apply. Use our foliage garden ideas and garden photos to get inspired! Advertisement Although greene...Nov 24, 2023 · Rarely do pests that hang out on your plant’s leaves cause the tips to turn brown. This peace lily has clear aphid damage; some aphids will attack the roots of a plant as well. Nematodes and other insects that live in the soil and feed on the roots of a plant are the main cause of necrosis from pests. Low humidity: When the air is too dry the tips of your houseplant's leaves will start to dry out and turn brown. These brown edges will be crispy. Overwatering: If you water too often or too much at …Potassium is the K in NPK fertilizer. Give your plants too much and the leaves will show dark, brown spots with the leaves’ edges turning brown and looking burnt. The plant will stretch eerily tall and will have large spaces between the nodes. Potassium deficiency. Shortness of potassium shows on the leaves.Aluminum plant is a type of fast-growing house plant with silver-colored leaves. Learn the importance of pruning aluminum plant at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement The aluminum plant i...Browning usually occurs on the old leaves first. This excess salt accumulates in the leaf edges, where it kills the tissue and the leaf dries out and turns ...Leaves turn black and die off after a while. The plant looks weakened. The soil near the roots is completely wet for a long period of time. The leaves turning black and yellow. Solution: Eliminate the cause of the overwatering. Water the plant only when the soil is at least 1 to 2 inches dry.Peace Lily Leaves Turning Brown and Black Peace Lily Flowers Turning Brown – Reasons and Solutions. When it comes to the lovely white peace lily flowers turning brown, remember that no flower lasts forever. The most common cause will be that the flower has come to the end of its life cycle. Your plant may also be at the end of its …Oct 30, 2023 ... The exact causes vary based on the type and its environment, but commonly, brown leaves on hydrangeas indicate a lack of water and stress from ...Stress from Overwatering or Under-Watering. Water stress is a common cause of brown leaf tips on spider plants and can be due to both over and under-watering your plant. In the case of over-watering, excess water causes root rot, which stops the flow of water and nutrients to the rest of the plant, resulting in brown leaf tips.Unlike other household plants, the jade plant does not like high humidity levels. Excessive humidity causes too much moisture in the soil. It obstructs the soil from getting dry, causing the browning of the leaves. High humidity creates soil evaporation which indirectly invites fungal issues and turns the leaves brown.Nov 28, 2022 · Here are various causes and treatments for avocado leaves turning brown: 1. Inadequate Water. Avocado trees need more water to survive as water helps in the supply of its nutrient. If your avocado tree leaves are turning brown, it could be because there is little or no water. This likely happens in hot or humid weather. Remove severely infected plants and burn them. Clean up all plant debris. The last possible reason for a pepper plant with brown leaves is bacterial spot. This bacterial disease is one of the most destructive diseases of peppers. It initially appears as water-soaked lesions on leaves that turn brown and irregular in shape.The most common causes of Basil leaves turning brown are under or over-watering, temperature stress, insufficient lighting, pests, or diseases. Brown leaves on Basil is usually a sign of a problem with the plant’s health and should be addressed as soon as possible. In this article, we’ll consider the best way to plant and maintain Basil.2. Milk. 3. Epsom salts. 4. Chamomile tea. Even the best of us employ a bit of guesswork in houseplant care, but what we really love is a great and, more importantly, proven home remedy that we can use to keep our plants in tip-top condition. Our latest favourites are expert hacks to stop plant leaves turning brown. Watering a plant too much can lead to brown edges on the leaves, a condition known as “edema.”. Overwatering creates a waterlogged environment that suffocates the roots, leading to the inability to supply the essential nutrients to the leaves. The edges may become soft and mushy, eventually turning brown. If the leaves on your zucchini plant are turning brown, it may be due to several factors, such as pest infestation, disease, inadequate watering, nutrient deficiencies, or a lack of sunlight. Here are the 5 main reasons why zucchini leaves turn brown: 1. Not Getting Enough Sunlight. Like other veggies, zucchini needs full light in order to grow ...The following 10 reasons are the most common causes of money tree leaves turning brown. 1. Overwatering. Any amount of prolonged saturation of the soil will damage plant roots. Roots need oxygen to function properly, and overwatering can cause the soil to become waterlogged, depriving the roots of the oxygen they need.The lower leaves may start to turn yellow first, but then they will develop brown tips, followed by some of the leaves turning brown and dying. The plant may also wilt, despite the soil being wet. Excess Light – Cast Iron Plants prefer bright, indirect light, but can tolerate fairly low light levels. Direct sunlight will scorch the leaves ...The plants must rebuild those roots. Therefore, the leaves of young blueberry plants sometimes become brown and burn since they lose water quicker than the roots can restore it. Keep the soil moist but allow for sufficient drainage. Blueberries that sit in soggy soil can develop root rot, which will turn the leaves dark.Watering too often can cause a Snake Plant’s leaves to turn yellow or brown, flop over from stem rot, or swell so much that they split. If the soil feels damp more than 3-4 days after your plant’s last drink, you’re probably watering too much or …5 – Edema. Edema causes lumps and bumps on plant leaves. On a Jade plant, due to the small size of the leaves, the discoloration from a few dark spots can make the leaves appear brown. In reality, if it is edema, leaves will have raised brown spots like a swollen leaf rather than brown and wrinkled leaves.Brown leaves on alocasia could be indicative of a bacterial, parasitic, or fungal disease. Bacterial leaf spots are typically fewer yet larger with a wet appearance. Fungal diseases often start as small brown spots. If left untreated, they’ll blossom progressively and bleed into each other.The cause of brown leaf tips on a ficus is caused due to improper nourishment. There are many reasons a ficus tree loses its leaves; improper watering, insufficient sunlight, extreme temperatures, pests & disease, and more. Fertilizing it less than once a year can cause damage to the plant.2 – Not Watering Enough. Like overwatering, underwatering can also spell trouble for your bromeliad’s foliage. If you’ve been waiting too long to water your bromeliad plant, its leaves will turn brown. When you notice the leaves turning brown, dry, and crispy, it’s a sign that your plant desperately needs water.Aug 30, 2019 · If leaves turn brown, prematurely fall or change color, we often want to water more. Before doing this, dig down into the soil to evaluate how dry it is. If it is already moist, adding more water could kill the tree because the roots rot and the tree can’t take up water. Oddly, drought stress and over irrigation both show symptoms of dry ... Nov 24, 2023 · Rarely do pests that hang out on your plant’s leaves cause the tips to turn brown. This peace lily has clear aphid damage; some aphids will attack the roots of a plant as well. Nematodes and other insects that live in the soil and feed on the roots of a plant are the main cause of necrosis from pests. Improper watering. Overwatering or underwatering can lead to brown leaves in rattlesnake plants. These plants prefer moist, but not soggy, soil. If the soil remains too wet for extended periods, it can cause root rot and browning of the leaves. On the other hand, insufficient watering can result in dehydration, leading to leaf discoloration.Brown leaf-tips can indicate that you are not watering your plant enough, or too much, or not at the right time. You have to get to know your plant’s needs. There’s …One of the ways to treat indoor plant leaves turning brown is to prune infected leaves. For this purpose, remove the brown leaves with the help of clean pruning shears. Be careful, the scissors do not touch the healthy and green parts of the plant; Because the disease is transferred to other parts. Also, if the disease has penetrated the entire ...Allow your plant to soak up the water for 30 to 60 minutes, and it should recover nicely. "At this time, it is also a good idea to take the sprayer and give the leaves a little shower. This will help hydrate the plant quickly and remove any dust from the foliage." 4.The 11 Reasons Why Spider Plant’s Leaves Turn Brown. 1. You’re Not Giving It Enough Water. Image Credit: tativophotos, Shutterstock. If you’ve been asking yourself—why are the tips of my spider plant turning brown—the first thing to check is your watering routine. Water is an essential element for spider ivy.Your Anthurium turning brown could indicate that the plant isn't receiving the proper nutrients. When identifying this issue, if you notice your anthurium ...The lower leaves may start to turn yellow first, but then they will develop brown tips, followed by some of the leaves turning brown and dying. The plant may also wilt, despite the soil being wet. Excess Light – Cast Iron Plants prefer bright, indirect light, but can tolerate fairly low light levels. Direct sunlight will scorch the leaves ...Pothos leaves can turn brown due to a variety of factors including pest infestation, fungal diseases, improper fertilizer application, too much or too little light, and other …Underwatering. If your majesty palm is severely underwatered, the leaves will turn light brown and get kind of crispy. The soil will also feel dry to the touch, most likely. Test the soil with your finger, a wooden stick, or a moisture meter. (We highly recommend using a moisture meter, by the way, because it gives you a more accurate idea of ...Oct 9, 2020 · This video will help you fix brown leaves on your houseplants and keep your plants looking great.I discuss how you can find out why your houseplants are gett... When marijuana leaves turn from green to blue-green or when they have blotches of brown, the plant is typically in need of phosphorus. This essential nutrient helps with root and stem growth and is a vital nutrient during flowering.. The lower and older leaves of the plant are usually affected when phosphorus is lacking.The reason rosemary turns brown is because of root rot and fungal disease. Rosemary is a Mediterranean plant that prefers dry conditions.Persistently damp soils because of over watering, slow drainage, or humidity, increase the risk of root rot which causes rosemary leaves and roots to turn brown. Rosemary is a drought-resistant plant that does not …Brown tips on calla lilies can indicate overwatering or sun damage. The leaves may also turn brown due to pests, lack of nutrition, drought stress, or diseases. Adjust watering, lighting, and temperature conditions to revive a dying Calla Lily. Calla Lilies, prized for their elegant and distinctive appearance, are a favorite among plant ...Trim off any dead or dying branches with brown leaves while holding the shear blades at a 45-degree angle to the stem. You can leave about half an inch (1.3 centimeters) of growth on the stem to allow the branch to grow back healthier. Because pruned branches will regrow, the direction of the angle of cut is important.Introduction to the trouble: Gardenia leaves turning brown. 2. Overwatering as a commonplace purpose and a way to repair it. 3. Underwatering as a common cause and a way to restoration it. 4. Incorrect soil pH and a way to modify it. 5. Insufficient daylight and the way to offer ok mild.Brown leaves on bird of paradise are a common indicator of sunburn, insect infestation, and fungal infection. Additionally, insufficient humidity, poor water quality, and incorrect temperatures are all possible causes. Water your plant only when the topsoil is completely dry and keep it out of direct sunlight to prevent the foliage from turning ...You may notice a drooping, brown mess on the edges of the leaves. Soon after, the entire leaf will turn into a yellowing/brown color. How to Fix. Invest in a humidifier for your plant. Humidifiers keep the air moist regardless of the climate or natural moisture in the air. Try getting a misting bottle and turning it to the “fine mist” setting.2. Milk. 3. Epsom salts. 4. Chamomile tea. Even the best of us employ a bit of guesswork in houseplant care, but what we really love is a great and, more importantly, proven home remedy that we can use to keep our plants in tip-top condition. Our latest favourites are expert hacks to stop plant leaves turning brown.3 Main Reasons Bougainvillea Leaves Are Turning Brown. 1. Underwatering Bougainvillea. Being tropical a plant (their historical homelands were wet areas in South America), Bougainvillea is incredibly sensitive to underwatering. When underwatered, the plant will give signs of its distress. The first symptom of underwatering in Bougainvillea is ... Inconsistent Watering or Improper Fertilization. Inconsistent watering, in particular allowing plants to dry out too long between waterings, will cause leaf edges and tips to turn brown. Excess salts can build up in the soil when too much fertilizer is applied which can also lead to brown leaf tips. Water and fertilize appropriately to prevent ... Aloe vera plants can turn brown due to sunburn, fungus or bacteria. The plant may be getting too much sunlight or the soil may be too wet. Sunburn will make aloe vera leaves turn d...Leaves turning brown is simply your plant telling you that it needs some tender love and care. Before looking at fixes, let’s focus on understanding why leaves …The key is to keep the weeds' seeds from spreading. For those new to composting, figuring out what goes in and what to leave out can be daunting. And if you’re composting, chances ...Oct 3, 2015 ... Browning of the leaves could also be caused by underwatering (also caused by the roots being pot bound), overwatering, root rot and fertilizer ...Inside a Nuclear Power Plant - Nuclear power plant design depends on a containment structure, cooling systems and a steam turbine. Learn how nuclear power plants work. Advertisemen...Too much heat and less moisture are the primary causes for leaves turning brown, but there are other causes. Crotons come from a tropical area, thriving well in hot and humid places. Humidity and moisture prevent the plant from getting dehydrated. Dehydration can also make the leaves brown. The reasons behind brown leaves on …Overwatering or underwatering can both cause orchid leaves to turn brown. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can cause the leaves to turn brown and wilt. On the other hand, underwatering can cause the leaves to dry out and turn brown, as the plant becomes dehydrated. 3. Light and Sun Exposure. Orchids require a balance of light and shade ...Consider moving the plants away from windows or doorways, and don’t leave them near an AC vent in the summer. 3. Lack of Humidity. Peace lilies come from tropical areas that are warm and humid. If they don’t receive the humidity that they’ve evolved to thrive in, the tips of the leaves may turn dry and brown.Jan 6, 2023 · First and foremost, it is important to provide the plant with adequate water. Bay trees require regular watering to thrive, and it is important to check the soil moisture regularly to ensure that the plant is getting enough water. If the soil is too dry, the leaves may become brown and wilted. Aloe plants can turn brown for a variety of reasons, like overwatering, underwatering, getting too much sunlight, and pest or disease activity. If you catch the …Zinc deficiency in corn plants will cause the newest leaves to develop dark brown spots, especially near the tips. This will be coupled with interveinal chlorosis and an overall mottled appearance. Zinc deficiencies can be exacerbated by acidic pH levels, so keep your corn plant’s soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5 to keep zinc available to your plant.Read this article to find out what to do if plant leaves turn purple from a phosphorus deficiency. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View Al...Lack of Humidity. These trees are native to warm, humid environments and although they do well in most household humidity levels if the air is too dry they are likely to develop brown, crispy leaves. Try increasing the humidity around your fiddle leaf fig by placing a small humidifier nearby. Fiddle leaf figs should also be kept away from any ...According to Epic Gardening, spider plants thrive and blossom under high levels of humidity. Low humidity will not only impede growth, but it might also start browning the leaves as surely as the sun. Spider plants are most susceptible to succumbing to lack of humidity in wintertime when the air is dry, or in the summer when there is more heat ...The tips and margins of the leaves turn brown or black and crisp due to water loss. Money Tree leaves attain brown tips and margins due to sun burns. Treatment and Preventive Measures. Keep the plant at least 3-5 feet away from south-facing windows. Use drapes or curtains to shade the plant from the blazing sun.Spider plants generally benefit from fertilizer, but excessive amounts can easily lead to brown leaf tips. Remember to fertilize your spider plants only every 3 months if you are …Rarely do pests that hang out on your plant’s leaves cause the tips to turn brown. This peace lily has clear aphid damage; some aphids will attack the roots of a plant as well. Nematodes and other insects that live in the soil and feed on the roots of a plant are the main cause of necrosis from pests.3) Bacterial leaf spot. As the name implies, bacterial leaf spot ( Pseudomonas cichorii) results in dark brown spots and black spots on basil leaves. In fact it’s one of the most common causes of black spots on basil. The irregular spots start out yellow but turn brown to black and take on a halo appearance.

Allow your plant to soak up the water for 30 to 60 minutes, and it should recover nicely. "At this time, it is also a good idea to take the sprayer and give the leaves a little shower. This will help hydrate the plant quickly and remove any dust from the foliage." 4.. Animal removal from attic

plant leaves turning brown

Your Anthurium turning brown could indicate that the plant isn't receiving the proper nutrients. When identifying this issue, if you notice your anthurium ...Brown Leaves vs. Brown Spots . Crepe myrtle leaves turning brown—with the whole leaf turning brown or browning along the edges and sometimes accompanied by curling—is different from the emergence of brown spots in the middle of the leaf. Such spots can indicate a Cercospora leaf spot disease, which is caused by a type of fungus …If you haven't got any office desk plants, it may be time to turn over a new leaf. Check our list for office desk plants that fit your space. If you buy something through our links...Why Are Those Leaf Tips Turning Brown? If your houseplant has been getting brown at the very tips or edges of the leaves, there are a few things that may be …Learn the common causes and solutions for why indoor plant leaves turn brown, such as watering, fertilizing, lighting, pests, diseases, and …There are a few diseases that cause basil plants to turn brown, such as downy mildew, fusarium wilt and bacterial leaf spot. These diseases cause brown spots and streaks to appear ...Adjust your care accordingly and prune off the crispy leaves or browning tips. Use a pair of plant snips to prune off entirely brown leaves or to prune off browning edges. Avoid removing more than 30% of the affected leaves at one time. Pruning the leaves can help your plant focus its energy on new and healthy growth.Watering Frequency for Fig Leaf Plants. Water your fiddle leaf fig about once a week or every 10 days to ensure optimal health. To determine if your plant needs to be watered, stick your finger into the soil about 2 inches deep and feel for moisture. If the soil is still moist, then you don’t need to water it yet.The leaves that seemed so healthy and strong were suddenly brittle, dry, and crispy. If your polka dot plant’s leaves are turning brown, it is time to sound the alarm! Having a polka dot plant with brown tips can make you feel frustrated, so even if you are a beginner gardener or just dabbling in the subject, pay close attention.If you notice older leaves (those at the bottom of the plant) are yellow with green veins, suspect potassium deficiency. If you notice dark spots within the yellow areas and the leaves are small and narrow, you might have a zinc deficiency. If young leaves are pale and the growing tips of your tomato plant die, suspect calcium deficiency.Brown leaves on bird of paradise are a common indicator of sunburn, insect infestation, and fungal infection. Additionally, insufficient humidity, poor water quality, and incorrect temperatures are all possible causes. Water your plant only when the topsoil is completely dry and keep it out of direct sunlight to prevent the foliage from turning ...May 12, 2020 ... Expert Response. There can be a few causes of browning and drying leaf edges in houseplants - root stress, water contaminants, and low humidity.Next, the leaves dry up, turn brown, and eventually, only the plant’s discolored leaves and dried stems remain. When harvested later than September, the potato plant’s leaves mostly develop brown spots or the plant may even lose most of its vitamins and minerals. Therefore, ideally, the potato plant should be harvested in late August to … The leaves will gradually turn green if the plant is getting the water, nutrients and sunlight it needs. 3. Fertilizer burn. Too much fertilizer or fertilizer burn can cause mango trees to develop brown leaves. This will usually start on the tips of the leaves and spread further down the edges and to the center of the leaf. Why are your houseplant’s leaves turning brown? First, you’ll need to identify why your plant's leaves are browning before you know which problem needs to be solved. There are many reasons why ….

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